BowlingLife

EJ Tackett pictured after winning the PBA Tour Player of the Year award, continuing a long history of PBA greats.

PBA Tour Player of the Year Winners: Complete List from 1963 to 2025

Over the decades, the PBA Tour has seen many of the sport’s biggest names riseto the top. Some players captured the Player of the Year awardonce, while others returned year after year and built long runs of dominance.No matter how often they won it, every Player of the Year left a clear mark onbowling history. With a new PBA Tour season approaching, BowlingLife has put together acomplete list of every PBA Tour Player of the Year winner since the award wasofficially recognized in 1963. The list starts with BillyHardwick, the first honoree and still the youngest ever to win it at age of23, and runs through to EJ Tackett, who has claimed the award for threestraight seasons now. Below is the full list of PBA Tour Player of the Year winners, beginning withthe most recent and going back to the very start. PBA Tour Player of the Year Award Winners List 2025 – EJ Tackett2024 – EJ Tackett2023 – EJ Tackett2022 – Jason Belmonte2021 – Kyle Troup2020 – Jason Belmonte2019 – Jason Belmonte2018 – Andrew Anderson2017 – Jason Belmonte2016 – EJ Tackett2015 – Jason Belmonte2014 – Jason Belmonte2013 – Jason Belmonte2012 – Sean Rash2011 – Mika Koivuniemi2010 – Walter Ray Williams Jr.2009 – Wes Malott2008 – Chris Barnes2007 – Doug Kent2006 – Tommy Jones2005 – Patrick Allen2004 – Mika Koivuniemi2003 – Walter Ray Williams Jr.2002 – Parker Bohn III2001 – Norm Duke2000 – Norm Duke1999 – Parker Bohn III1998 – Walter Ray Williams Jr.1997 – Walter Ray Williams Jr.1996 – Walter Ray Williams Jr.1995 – Mike Aulby1994 – Norm Duke1993 – Walter Ray Williams Jr.1992 – David Ferraro1991 – David Ozio1990 – Amleto Monacelli1989 – Amleto Monacelli1988 – Brian Voss1987 – Marshall Holman1986 – Walter Ray Williams Jr.1985 – Mike Aulby1984 – Mark Roth1983 – Earl Anthony1982 – Earl Anthony1981 – Earl Anthony1980 – Wayne Webb1979 – Mark Roth1978 – Mark Roth1977 – Mark Roth1976 – Earl Anthony1975 – Earl Anthony1974 – Earl Anthony1973 – Don McCune1972 – Don Johnson1971 – Don Johnson1970 – Nelson Burton Jr.1969 – Billy Hardwick1968 – Billy Hardwick1967 – Jim Stefanich1966 – Dave Davis1965 – Wayne Zahn1964 – Dick Weber1963 – Billy Hardwick

Editorial

Illustration showing how to film your bowling for video analysis, with a smartphone recording a bowling approach on the lanes

Most Bowling Videos Are Filmed Wrong – A Coach Explains How to Fix It

Written by:Panagiotis Vardakis, EBF Level 3, USBC Bronze, and National Coaching School Cat C coach Written by: Panagiotis Vardakis, EBF Level 3, USBC Bronze, and National Coaching School Cat C coach Panagiotis Vardakis Every week, I receive many bowling videos for analysis. They come fromathletes training on their own, young bowlers, and competitive amateurslooking for feedback. And in most cases, my first reaction has nothing to dowith footwork or release. It has to do with the camera. Today, bowlers can easily upload videos and get advice from coaches allaround the world. The problem is that many of those videos are not filmed withanalysis in mind, making them difficult to evaluate. This often slows thewhole progress, as the player must go back to the bowling center to re-filmhis bowling before any coaching can start.When a video clearlyshows what matters, video coaching becomes a powerful and reliable way toimprove performance. Over the years, I have learned that just a few simple and consistent camerasetups provide nearly all the information needed to help an athlete improve. In this article, I explain the camera angles I prefer, why I ask for them, andwhat I look for in each view as a coach. Camera Straight From Behind – My Starting Point This is usually the first angle I ask for. How I Like It Set The camera should be placed directly behind the bowler, centered with thebody, and completely stable. The full approach, release, and ball path must bevisible, with no zoom. The entire body should be shown from the stance throughthe finish. Why I Ask for This Angle From behind, I can clearly see how the body and the swing work together. Thisangle gives me a strong overall picture of coordination and movement. What I Look For I focus on shoulder alignment during the approach, spine tilt and postureconsistency, and whether the swing stays under control or wraps around thebody. I also evaluate timing between footwork and swing, the release pointrelative to the ankle, and whether missed shots come from body position ratherthan targeting. Many bowlers believe they miss because of aim. Very often, the miss actuallybegins two steps earlier. Camera Straight in Front – What the Release Tells Me This angle gives me information I cannot get from behind, and it is often myfavorite one. How I Ask Athletes to Set ItThe camera should be placed near the arrows, in the middle of the lane,facing the bowler. It must remain stable and level whilerecording the approach, release, and follow-through. Bowlingcenter rules and safety should always be respected when filming from thisposition. The camera should be placed near the arrows, in the middle of the lane,facing the bowler. It must remain stable and level whilerecording the approach, release, and follow-through. Bowlingcenter rules and safety should always be respected when filming from thisposition. The camera should be placed near the arrows, in the middle of the lane,facing the bowler. It must remain stable and level whilerecording the approach, release, and follow-through. Bowlingcenter rules and safety should always be respected when filming from thisposition. Why I Ask for This Angle From the front, the release becomes very clear. Small details that remainhidden from other angles are easy to identify. What I Look For I observe the arm swing path, whether it is free or forced, elbow position atthe bottom of the swing, wrist stability, and hand position. I also look athead movement, eye control, balance at the foul line, and consistency ofrelease height. From this angle, I can quickly tell if an athlete is fighting the swing orallowing it to work naturally. Full Approach – The Most Important Angle Landscape video of the full approach is the angle I request most often, andthe one athletes misunderstand the most. How Coaches Want It FilmedThe video must be filmed in landscape format. The camera shouldbe placed about two to two and a half lanes away, positioned roughly in themiddle of the approach. Once the recording starts, the camera mustremain completely still. There should be no panning, no zooming,and no movement during the approach. The video must be filmed in landscape format. The camera shouldbe placed about two to two and a half lanes away, positioned roughly in themiddle of the approach. Once the recording starts, the camera mustremain completely still. There should be no panning, no zooming,and no movement during the approach. Why This Angle Is So Important This view shows tempo, timing, and repeatability, which are the foundations ofconsistency. What Coach Look ForI evaluate footwork rhythm and cadence, tempo control, and the relationshipbetween steps and swing. I also look at starting positionconsistency, whether the athlete rushes or accelerates smoothly, stabilityin the pre-shot routine, and balance at the foul line. I evaluate footwork rhythm and cadence, tempo control, and the relationshipbetween steps and swing. I also look at starting positionconsistency, whether the athlete rushes or accelerates smoothly, stabilityin the pre-shot routine, and balance at the foul line. If the camera moves, reference points are lost. Without reference points, realanalysis is not possible. Common Filming Issues Athletes Need to Fix Very often, I ask athletes to re-film their videos because the camera followsthe shot, the video is filmed too close, or zoom is used. Other common issuesinclude cutting the video before the finish or sending only strike shots. Missed shots are extremely valuable. They often explain areas for improvementmuch better than perfect ones. Video Checklist (Save These For Later) General Rules Full body visible at all timesCamera never movesNo zoomFull shot recorded from start to finishMultiple shots included, not just strikes Full body visible at all times Camera never moves No zoom Full shot recorded from start to finish Multiple shots included, not just strikes Behind the Bowler Camera centered with the bodyStable and straightFull approach includedBall path clearly visible Camera centered with the body Stable and straight Full approach included Ball path clearly visible Front View Checklist Camera facing the bowlerPositioned near the arrowsStable and levelRelease clearly visible Camera facing the bowler Positioned near the arrows Stable and level Release clearly visible Full Approach Checklist Landscape (horizontal) videoCamera placed 2 to 2.5 lanes awayFixed camera position (no movement, no zoom)Rhythm and timing clearly visibleFull body shown from start through follow-through Landscape (horizontal) video Camera placed 2 to 2.5 lanes away Fixed camera position (no movement, no zoom) Rhythm and timing clearly visible Full body shown from start through follow-through Final Thoughts Video coaching helps athletes improve faster only when filming is done withintention. A good video allows coach to provide more precise feedback, identify issuesearlier, and design more effective training programs. It also helps athletesunderstand not only the outcome of a shot, but their own movement. A good shot does not make a good video - it shows the truth of the motion. About the Author Panagiotis VardakisPanagiotis Vardakis is an experienced bowling coach and educator whoseinvolvement in the sport spans more than two decades. His work combines technical coaching, long-term player development, andequipment knowledge, supported by his experience as a professional coach andpro shop specialist.Throughout his coaching career, he has guided athletes to national andinternational success across European competitions, coaching players fromGreece, the United Kingdom, Malta, Slovakia, Cyprus, and Bulgaria. About the Author Panagiotis Vardakis Panagiotis Vardakis is an experienced bowling coach and educator whoseinvolvement in the sport spans more than two decades. His work combines technical coaching, long-term player development, andequipment knowledge, supported by his experience as a professional coach andpro shop specialist. Throughout his coaching career, he has guided athletes to national andinternational success across European competitions, coaching players fromGreece, the United Kingdom, Malta, Slovakia, Cyprus, and Bulgaria. A significant part of his work is dedicated to youth development, where hefocuses on structured training environments that support both athleticprogress and personal growth. Vardakis is currently involved in youth-oriented projects throughBYC in Slovakia andcontinues to work with athletes, clubs, and organizations through coachingprograms, clinics, and educational initiatives across Europe. BYC For coaching-related questions or inquiries, Coach Vardakis can becontacted via email at p.vardakis@gmail.com or visit www.byc.sk www.byc.sk

Tips & Tricks

Bowler stretching to prevent bowling back pain before a game

Bowling Back Pain: Prevention and Relief Tips That Work

Back pain has become one of the most common physical issues in the 21stcentury. And bowling, unfortunately, is no exception. Bowling back pain is more common than most think. Many bowlers deal withsoreness, stiffness, or serious injury. If left untreated, it can ruin yourgame, cause missed tournaments, or lead to long-term issues. In this article, you’ll learn what causes bowling back pain and how to preventit. We’ll also cover proven tips to manage pain and stay strong on the lanes. Please note: Some links in this article may be affiliate links. We may earna small commission to support our work, at no extra cost to you. Causes of Bowling Back Pain Bowling forces your body to move in an uneven way. Most of the strain goes toyour dominant side. This causes a muscular imbalance - one side becomesoverused while the other stays weak. Over time, that imbalance puts pressure on your spine and lower back. It’s oneof the most common causes of bowling back pain. Another major cause is muscle strain. A sudden or forceful movement - such asan overextension during a release - can lead to painful strain. It may alsotear the muscles, ligaments, or tendons in the lower back. Bowling players are professional athletes, so injuries are inevitable. Bowlersoften rush to get back on the lanes, so past injuries that have not healed yetcan also cause bowling back pain. Eventually, poor mechanics cause more strain. One small issue can triggersoreness in other parts of the body. Ignoring these early signs often leads tolong-term bowling back pain. How to Prevent and Relieve Bowling Back Pain Every bowler should be proactive in caring for their physical health. Here arefive essential strategies to help reduce and manage bowling back pain. 1. Therapeutic treatment A medical expert is always the best option to treat bowling back pain.Depending on your condition, the therapist will design a personal plan. It mayinclude stretching, strength, coordination, and relaxation exercises. Thesetargeted movements help eliminate the root causes of bowling back pain. 2. Exercising Exercising just 15 minutes a day can strengthen your core and back muscles.This helps prevent muscular imbalance and reduces the risk of bowling backpain. You don’t need a gym membership. Low-impact activities like walking,cycling, or at-home core workouts are more than enough. 3. Stretching Starting your bowling game or tournament without stretching is a big mistake.It puts unnecessary strain on your muscles. Lack of stretching reducesperformance and increases the risk of joint pain and muscle damage. Do basicstretches at least 20 minutes before the game to prevent bowling back pain. 4. Heat & Ice treatment Applying a cold pack on your back can help relieve pain and reduceinflammation. It also improves mobility after bowling. Cold therapy is greatcare for your body after a long day at the lanes. For best results, apply coldfor 15 minutes several times within 24 hours after bowling. Then switch toheat therapy using a heat pad or hot tub. This loosens tight back muscles andeases bowling back pain. We recommend using Reusable Hot&Cold Teraphy Pack. Reusable Hot&Cold Teraphy Pack Alternatively, for deeper muscle recovery, you can also use amassage gun. Designed for athletes, this massage gun helps release tight fascia, reducesoreness, and improve recovery time. We recommend usingTheraGunbecouse it is powerful yet very easy to use. massage gun TheraGun 5. Maintain a healthy weight Excess body weight puts extra strain on the lower back. For bowlers, it canshift the pelvis forward and affect balance. This change increases the risk ofpain or injury. Maintaining a healthy weight through good nutrition andregular activity supports long-term back health. A balanced lifestyle alsohelps prevent bowling back pain. Conclusion on Bowling Back Pain Bowling back pain doesn’t have to stop you from playing the sport you love.Most cases improve with smart habits and consistent care. Focus on proper warm-ups, strength work, and recovery after each game. Listento your body and rest when needed. Ignoring the pain can turn a small probleminto a long-term issue. If your pain continues, seek help from a physical therapist or sports doctor.With the right care and determination, you can return to the lanes strongerthan before. Want to protect your whole body while bowling? Check out our guide to theBest Bowling Shoes of 2025 - the right shoes can help prevent pain from head to toe! Best Bowling Shoes of 2025 - Best Bowling Shoes of 2025

Health & Nutrition

heavy and ligh bowling ball showing a good bowling ball weight for bowlers

Best Bowling Ball Weight Guide: How to Choose the Right Weight

Choosing the right bowling ball weight plays a big role in your scores,comfort, and long-term progress. Many bowlers start with a random house ball,while others try the heaviest ball they can lift, hoping for more strikes. Both approaches often lead toback pain, bad shots, and poor results. back pain This guide explains how bowling ball weight affects your game. You will learnhow to choose the right weight for your body, strength, and experience. Youwill also find real examples, simple rules, and practical tips you can usenext time you go bowling. If you already know your bowling ball weight and want more help choosingbowling balls, you can also read ourBest Bowling Balls 2025 andBest Bowling Ball for Beginners reviews! Best Bowling Balls 2025 Best Bowling Ball for Beginners Some links on this page are affiliate links. If you purchase through them,BowlingLife might earn a small commission that helps support our work, at noextra cost to you. Why Bowling Ball Weight Matters The right bowling ball weight helps you to stay consistent, score better, andkeep your body safe. A ball that is too heavy reduces yourbowling ball speedand accuracy. On the other hand, a ball that is too light reduces pin action. bowling ball speed Weight affects four main things: Your shot speedYour controlYour timingYour stamina over many games Your shot speed Your control Your timing Your stamina over many games When the weight matches your strength, your shots stay steady from the firstto the last frame. What Is the Heaviest Bowling Ball Weight? The heaviest legal bowling ball weight is 16 pounds under USBC rules. However,some bowlers havemade homemade bowling balls that weigh up to 20 pounds. made homemade bowling balls that weigh up to 20 pounds Many bowlers think they must throw 16 pounds to score well. That is not true.Most bowlers use bowling balls between 12 and 15 pounds. The best weightdepends on age, physique, and grip. Bowling Ball Weight Chart This simple bowling ball weight chart gives you a clear starting point. Bowler TypeSuggested WeightKids under 86–8 lbKids 9–119–11 lbTeens12–14 lbAdult Women12–15 lbAdult Men15–16 lbSenior Bowlers13–15 lb Bowler TypeSuggested Weight Bowler Type Suggested Weight Kids under 86–8 lb Kids under 8 6–8 lb Kids 9–119–11 lb Kids 9–11 9–11 lb Teens12–14 lb Teens 12–14 lb Adult Women12–15 lb Adult Women 12–15 lb Adult Men15–16 lb Adult Men 15–16 lb Senior Bowlers13–15 lb Senior Bowlers 13–15 lb These numbers are not strict rules. They help you find a ball that feels goodfrom the first shot. How to Choose Your Bowling Ball Weight Choosing the right bowling ball weight comes down to feel, comfort, andcontrol. You want a ball that gives strong pin action without hurting yourbody. A simple method is this: Divide your body weight (in pounds) by 11. Example:150 lbs ÷ 11 = 13.6 → start with a 13 or 14 lb ball. This number is only a starting point. You then adjust based on how your bodyreacts. Signs Your Bowling Ball Weight Is Too Heavy Your bowling ball weight is too heavy if: Your grip is too looseYour wrist or elbow feels stressedYour ball speed drops fastYou lose control during the swing Your grip is too loose Your wrist or elbow feels stressed Your ball speed drops fast You lose control during the swing A heavy ball may give strong hits, but only when you can handle the weight. Ifyou cannot keep your speed, a lighter ball will score better. Signs Your Bowling Ball Weight Is Too Light Your bowling ball weight is too light if: You feel like you are “tossing” instead of swingingYou throw too fast and lose controlYou get weak pin actionYour ball deflects too much You feel like you are “tossing” instead of swinging You throw too fast and lose control You get weak pin action Your ball deflects too much If these signs match your game, try heavier bowling ball. Bowling Ball Weight for Kids and Teens Kids and teens need a bowling ball weight that protects their hands andwrists. Choose a weight that feels smooth and safe. Do not force heavier ballson young players. Their muscles and joints are still developing. Most young bowlers stay between: 6–11 lb for kids2–14 lb for teens 6–11 lb for kids 2–14 lb for teens Comfort and proper form matter more than weight at this stage. What Bowling Ball Weight Do Pros Use? Pro players do not use bowling balls you can fing in bowling alley. They usehigh-erformance bowling balls, that is pecifically drilled to their handmeasurements. Having a good grip allows to throw heavier bowling balls. Most male pros use 15-pound balls. Some use 16 pounds, but this number is muchlower. Meanwhile, most female pros use 14 or 15 pounds. House Balls vs Custom Balls and Bowling Ball Weight As we mentioned before, house balls often feel heavier because the holes nevermatch your hand perfectly. You grip harder, your swing gets tight, and yourarm gets tired fast. It all affects your accuracy. A custom-drilled ball spreads weight across your hand. This makes the samebowling ball weight feel lighter. Many bowlers can easily handle a ball 2–3 pounds heavier when it is drilledfor their hand. How to Test and Find Your Ideal Bowling Ball Weight Try this simple method: Start with a weight that feels safe (for example 11-12 lbs).Throw 5–6 shots.Move up or down based on feel. Start with a weight that feels safe (for example 11-12 lbs). Throw 5–6 shots. Move up or down based on feel. Your ideal bowling ball weight should: Feel smooth during the swingKeep your speed steadyAvoid pain and sorenessGive strong pin actionLet you bowl many games without fatigue Feel smooth during the swing Keep your speed steady Avoid pain and soreness Give strong pin action Let you bowl many games without fatigue Listen to your body. It will tell you when the weight is right. Experiment, Listen to Your Body, and Build Up Slowly Your ideal bowling ball weight may change over time. As you get stronger, youmay move up in weight. You may also stay at one weight for years. Both pathsare fine. Stay patient and pay attention to your body. Do not force heavy weights toosoon. Smooth progress always wins. If you want more help choosing bowling balls, see our Best Bowling Balls2025 guide!

Tips & Tricks

Bowling pins and ball graphic with text: ‘What is Intermediate Differential in Bowling.

Intermediate Differential in Bowling: How It Affects Ball Motion

Understanding core numbers can help every bowler make better choices. One ofthe most important numbers is intermediate differential. Many bowlers know aboutradius of gyration (RG) anddifferential (diff), but intermediate differential often feels confusing. radius of gyration (RG) differential (diff) Intermediate differential plays a big role in how an asymmetrical bowling ballchanges direction. It also helps you understand which ball shape matches yourstyle and speed. This guide will explain intermediate differential in simple words and show howit affects your bowling ball motion on the lane. What Is Intermediate Differential in Bowling? Intermediate differential measures the difference between the high RG axis andthe intermediate RG axis of a bowling ball. This value exists only inasymmetrical bowling balls, since symmetrical balls have almost no coreasymmetry. A symmetrical bowling ball has two RG values: the minimum RG and the maximumRG. An asymmetrical bowling ball has three RG values. The third value is theintermediate RG, which sits between the low and high RG axes. Because of thisthird value, an asymmetrical ball has an intermediate differential number. Intermediate differential can also be explained as the difference between theball’s high RG axis and its intermediate RG axis. This value is also known asthe mass bias strength. A higher intermediate differential means a strongermass bias. A lower value means weaker mass bias. Intermediate Differential Ranges in Bowling Most intermediate differential values fall between 0.008 and 0.037 inches. Ifa ball’s intermediate differential sits above 0.008, the ball is consideredasymmetrical. If a ball's intermediate differential sits below, then it isconsidered symmetrical. The ranges are: Symmetrical balls: 0.000–0.007Low intermediate differential: 0.008–0.020High intermediate differential: 0.021–0.037 Symmetrical balls: 0.000–0.007 Low intermediate differential: 0.008–0.020 High intermediate differential: 0.021–0.037 These numbers matter because they show how fast a ball responds to frictionand how quickly it changes direction. How Intermediate Differential Affects Bowling Ball Motion Intermediate differential shapes your bowling ball’s motion from the mid-laneto the pins. It does not change how much the ball hooks overall. Instead, itchanges the ball hooks. Higher intermediate differential creates faster changes A higher intermediate differential makes the ball react faster when it touchesfriction. The hook zone becomes shorter but stronger. The ball changes fromskid to hook in a very sharp way. This often creates a strong and suddenbackend motion. The ball turns fast, uses energy quickly, and may hit the pinshard if matched correctly. Lower intermediate differential creates smoother changes A lower intermediate differential creates a longer and smoother hook zone. Theball changes direction more slowly. The backend motion becomes more gradual.This helps the ball keep more energy for the pins and improves control. Both motions can strike well. The key is matching the intermediatedifferential to your style and lane conditions. Intermediate Differential vs Differential Many bowlers confuse differential and intermediate differential. They are notthe same. Differential measures the difference between the lowest RG axis and thehighest RG axis. This number shows how much the ball can flare and how manyboards it can cover. Intermediate differential measures the difference between the intermediate RGand the high RG. This number shows how fast the ball responds to friction andhow the hook shape develops. A simple way to remember the difference: Differential = amount of hookIntermediate differential = shape of hook Differential = amount of hook Intermediate differential = shape of hook Both work together, but intermediate differential gives the ball its uniquemotion shape. Symmetrical vs Asymmetrical Bowling Balls The type of core determines whether a ball has intermediate differential. Symmetrical bowling balls Have no meaningful intermediate differential.Create smooth and predictable motion.Work well for rev-dominant bowlers and slower speeds.Offer fewer layout changes since they lack a strong preferred spin axis(PSA).Symmetrical balls usually are more stable and easier to control. Have no meaningful intermediate differential. Create smooth and predictable motion. Work well for rev-dominant bowlers and slower speeds. Offer fewer layout changes since they lack a strong preferred spin axis(PSA). Symmetrical balls usually are more stable and easier to control. Asymmetrical bowling balls Have a real intermediate differential numberRespond faster to frictionCreate sharper and more angular motionWork well for speed-dominant playersOffer many layout options because the PSA is strongerThe added intermediate differential gives more shape and more ways to adjustthe core’s position during drilling Have a real intermediate differential number Respond faster to friction Create sharper and more angular motion Work well for speed-dominant players Offer many layout options because the PSA is stronger The added intermediate differential gives more shape and more ways to adjustthe core’s position during drilling How Intermediate Differential Affects Spin Time and PSA Strength Intermediate differential controls the strength of the PSA. A higherintermediate differential creates a stronger PSA. A stronger PSA means fasterspin time. Faster spin time leads to a quicker hook. Here is the simple chain: Higher intermediate differential → stronger PSA → faster spin time → quickerhook This is why high intermediate differential balls snap harder off the spot.They release energy quickly and make a fast move toward the pocket. Lower intermediate differential balls spin slower and transition moregradually. This helps the ball keep energy. Which Bowlers Benefit From Higher Intermediate Differential? A higher intermediate differential gives faster motion. This helps thefollowing players: Speed-dominant bowlers who struggle to get the ball to slow downLow-rev bowlers who need help creating motionPlayers who want strong backend shapeBowlers on patterns with a clear downlane friction spot Speed-dominant bowlers who struggle to get the ball to slow down Low-rev bowlers who need help creating motion Players who want strong backend shape Bowlers on patterns with a clear downlane friction spot These bowlers need help forcing the ball to change direction. A higherintermediate differential makes the motion sharper. Which Bowlers Benefit From Lower Intermediate Differential? Lower intermediate differential gives a smoother and longer motion. Thishelps: Rev-dominant bowlers who already create strong hookLow-speed bowlers who do not want the ball to overreactSenior bowlers who prefer short-pin layouts or smoother shapesBowlers on wet-dry patterns who want to control the breakpointPlayers who need stable and predictable motion Rev-dominant bowlers who already create strong hook Low-speed bowlers who do not want the ball to overreact Senior bowlers who prefer short-pin layouts or smoother shapes Bowlers on wet-dry patterns who want to control the breakpoint Players who need stable and predictable motion Intermediate Differential and Oil Patterns Intermediate differential plays a big role on different oil patterns. When to use high intermediate differential A high intermediate differential delivers a sharper transition at thebreakpoint. It’s great for rev-dominant players or anyone trying to get morehook on heavy oil. The higher diff gives the ball more flare and shape,creating that sharp, more angular motion through the backend. When to use low intermediate differential Choose a low intermediate differential bowling ball if you’re looking for asmoother, more predictable reaction. It’s perfect when the lanes start to dryup, or when you don’t want the ball snapping too hard off the spot. It givesyou that nice arc shape and better control through transition. Intermediate Differential and Drilling Layouts Asymmetrical bowling balls allow more layout options because the PSA plays akey role. Moving the PSA changes how the ball responds to friction. A higher intermediate differential gives more layout freedom. You can placethe core in strong or mild positions. A lower intermediate differential creates fewer differences between layouts.The ball remains smoother and more stable. Short-pin layouts reduce core flare. This makes the ball act closer to asymmetrical shape. Many senior bowlers use these layouts for added control. Examples of Bowling Balls With Different Intermediate Differential Values To understand these numbers better, here are clear examples of balls with high and low intermediate differential values. High intermediate differential examples Hammer Pure EnvyEbonite The One Ovation Hammer Pure Envy Ebonite The One Ovation These balls create sharp and fast backend motion. Low intermediate differential examples Storm Ion Pro SolidHammer 3-D Offset Assault Storm Ion Pro Solid Hammer 3-D Offset Assault These balls create smooth and continuous motion. No intermediate differential (symmetrical balls) Brunswick AlertMotiv Primal Ghost Brunswick Alert Motiv Primal Ghost These balls offer stable and predictable motion on many conditions.Please note that some links in this article are affiliate links, whichmeans we may earn a small commission that helps support our work, at noextra cost to you. Please note that some links in this article are affiliate links, whichmeans we may earn a small commission that helps support our work, at noextra cost to you. FAQ What is intermediate differential in bowling? Intermediate differential in bowling is the difference between the ball’s highRGaxis and its intermediateRGaxis. It shows how much asymmetry the core has and how fast the ball respondsto friction. RG Do symmetric bowling balls have intermediate differential? Symmetrical bowling balls have almost no intermediate differential. Theirvalues sit between 0.000 and 0.007. This is not enough to create strongasymmetry. What does higher intermediate differential do? A higher intermediate differential creates a sharper and faster motion. Theball responds quickly to friction and changes direction fast. What does lower intermediate differential do? Lower intermediate differential gives a smoother and more controlled motion.The ball changes direction slowly and keeps more energy for the pins. How does intermediate differential differ from differential? Differential shows the total flare potential. Intermediate differential showshow fast the hook shape forms. One controls the amount of hook. The othercontrols the shape of hook. Is intermediate differential important for beginners? Beginners do not need to worry about intermediate differential. Coverstock andtotal differential are more important at early levels. Which bowlers should use high intermediate differential? High intermediate differential helps speed-dominant and low-rev players. Italso helps bowlers who need strong recovery on the backend. Which bowlers should use low intermediate differential? Low intermediate differential helps rev-dominant and low-speed players. Itgives predictable and continuous motion on many patterns. How does intermediate differential affect drilling layouts? Higher intermediate differential creates more layout options because the PSAis stronger. Lower intermediate differential reduces the impact of layoutchanges. What intermediate differential value is considered high? A value above 0.021 is considered high. Values between 0.008 and 0.020 arelow. Values below 0.007 belong to symmetrical balls. Ready to choose the right equipment? Read our full guide to the BestBowling Balls in 2025!

Tips & Tricks

Close-up view of bowling oil patterns on a lane, highlighted with a magnifying glass.

Bowling Oil Patterns: Read the Lanes Like a Pro

Ever wonder why your ball comes back slick and greasy? That’s lane oil - andit changes everything. Bowling lanes use synthetic oil to create differentconditions. These are called bowling oil patterns, and they impactbowling ballmotion. Whether your ball skids too far or hooks too early often depends onthe pattern used that day. In this guide, you’ll learn how oilpatterns work, how to read them, and how they affect your shot. We’ll alsoexplain the difference between house and sport patterns, and how to adjustyour game accordingly. bowling ball What Are Bowling Oil Patterns? Bowling oil patterns show how lane technicians apply oil to the surface. Eachpattern creates a different lane condition.The oil is never spreadevenly. Most patterns use more oil in the middle and less on the outsideboards. This design helps guide your ball toward the pocket - but only if youplay the lane correctly. A standard lane is 60 feet long. However, the oil does not cover the entirelength of the lane. The last portion of the lane is always dry. This dry areahelps the ball grip and hook toward the pins. Lane technitial can use different patterns on each lane. That’s why yousometimes see your ball reacting differently. These differences make lanereading an essential skill - even for casual bowlers. How Do Technicians Apply Oil to a Bowling Lane? In the past, staff used sprays and brooms to apply bowling oil patterns. Ittook time and serious skill. Today, bowling centers use lanemachines that clean and oil the lanes with precision and speed. These machinescreate bowling oil patterns by controlling where and how much oil goes on thelane. Bowling oil protects the surface and creates different lane conditions. Bothare essential for fair and long-lasting play. Bowling Oil Machines Today, every bowling alley uses a bowling oil machine, also called a lanemachine. It cleans the lane and then applies oil to create bowling oilpatterns.First, cleaner heads spray the lane surface. A mixture ofstripper chemical and water breaks down old oil and dirt. At the same time, acloth roll collects larger debris. A vacuum then removes the fluidand waste. During this process, the lane machine travels the full 60 feet ofthe lane. After cleaning, it applies fresh oil in the programmed pattern.Techniciansno longer need sprays or brooms. Everything happens with the push of a button.The lane staff program the machine to set how much oil goes where for thechosen bowling oil patterns. What Oil Do Bowling Alleys Use on Lanes? Manufacturers create bowling lane conditioners specifically for the sport ofbowling. These conditioners combine high-quality oils with additives forconsistent lane performance. They come in different viscositiesand surface densities to create varied lane conditions depending on eachalley’s needs.Lane conditioners must hold their structure whenapplied and also protect the lane, pins, and bowling balls. They are alsonon-toxic and safe for human health, so bowlers can enjoy their pizza withoutworry. Bowling Oil Pattern Types Bowling oil patterns can be classified in several ways. The most common methodis by their length. Bowlers usually group patterns asshort (35 feet or less), medium (between 36-42 feet), orlong (43 feet or more). The oil pattern’s length affects when the ball hooks. Shorterpatterns make the ball hook earlier. short (35 feet or less) medium (between 36-42 feet) long (43 feet or more) House Bowling Oil Patterns Most bowling alleys use special lane patterns called house bowling oilpatterns. These patterns make scoring easier for casual bowlers.Ahouse pattern helps the ball hit the pocket by using more oil in the centerand less outside. Rolling the ball in the middle keeps it straighter forlonger. Rolling it toward the outside allows it to curve back to themiddle.In short, house bowling oil patterns give bowlers moremargin for error and help them hit the pocket more often. Professional Bowling Oil patterns Organizers design professional bowling oil patterns to be more challengingthan house patterns. They make hitting the pocket consistently much harder.Onsport patterns, technicians spread the oil more evenly across the lane. Unlikehouse bowling oil patterns, there is no built-in guide to help your ball. Ifyou miss your target, the ball can easily hook into the gutter. How To Read Bowling Oil Patterns? Knowing how to read bowling oil patterns is crucial for success. It helps youunderstand how to play each lane.There are thousands of differentbowling oil patterns. The Kegel library alone lists over 1,000 options.Mastering them all is impossible, but building a solid foundation is essentialfor effective gameplay. Understanding Bowling Oil Sheet Lane pattern sheets display bowling oil patterns. At first glance, they maylook complex and highly technical.For beginner and intermediatebowlers, two main components matter most. Look at “Oil Pattern Distance” and“Volume Oil Total” listed at the top. These numbers help you choose the rightbowling ball and predict where it will hook at the breakpoint. breakpoint Breakpoint and Exit Point Every bowling oil pattern includes a breakpoint. The breakpoint is where theball moves farthest from the pocket before turning back toward the pins.Thebreakpoint usually appears a few feet past the exit point. The exit point iswhere the oil pattern distance ends on the lane. The Rule of 31 The rule of 31 is nothing new in bowling sport. Many professionals apply it at the highest levels.How doesit work? Standing in the same spot will not work on every oil pattern length.Instead, you must know which board your exit point should be on. That givesyou the best breakpoint for hitting the pocket.To use the Rule of31, subtract 31 from the oil pattern distance on the lane sheet. The resultshows the board where your ball should exit the oil.For example,if the pattern measures 42 feet, subtracting 31 gives 11. Your ball shouldexit at the 11th board. While this rule works best for medium bowling oilpatterns, it also applies to short and long ones. The rule of 31 is nothing new in bowling sport. How to Read Bowling Lane Condition Changes? As bowling oil patterns transition, bowlers must adjust to stay in the pocketand keep scoring. Adjustments may include changing stance, target, ballchoice, speed, or loft. Starting with a stronger ball on a fresh oil pattern creates a smoother hook spot. This gives valuable insight for lateradjustments in ball selection, release, or speed. Always monitor how your ballreacts at the breakpoint and adjust when needed.As lanes breakdown, switch to a weaker ball with less surface or a polished finish. Thisprevents early hook and helps the ball skid farther down the lane. Starting with a stronger ball on a fresh oil pattern Final Thoughts on Bowling Oil Patterns Understanding bowling oil patterns is crucial for improving your game. Readingthe lanes and knowing how oil patterns work leads to more success.Whetheryou are a seasoned pro or a beginner, these insights help you adjust todifferent lane conditions. Use what you learn about bowling oil patterns tobuild confidence, make smart choices, and knock down more pins. FAQ What Is the Purpose of Applying Oil to a Bowling Lane? Oil on the lane has two jobs. It changes lane conditions and protects the lanefrom wear. How Are Bowling Oil Patterns On Bowling Lanes Created In Modern Times? Bowling alleys use bowling oil machines, also called lane machines, are usedin modern bowling alleys. These machines clean the lane with a set cleaner,then add oil based on the programmed pattern. What Kind of Oil Do Bowling Lanes Use, and Why Is It Important? Manufacturers craft bowling lane conditioners for the sport, combininghigh-quality oils with additives. These conditioners maintain structure,protect the lane, pins, andbowling balls, and remain non-toxic and safe for bowlers. bowling balls How Can Bowlers Read and Interpret Bowling Oil Patterns? Bowlers read pattern sheets that show key parts like oil pattern length andtotal oil volume. Bowlers must recognize the breakpoint and exit point toplace shots strategically. What Is the Significance of the "Rule of 31" In Bowling? Bowlers use the "Rule of 31" to determine the exit point based on oil pattern distance. Subtract 31 fromthe pattern length to find the board where your ball should leave the oil. Rule of 31

Tips & Tricks

A bowling ball rolling down the bowling lane with two arrows that shows axis rotation and axis tilt

Understanding ball motion | Basics of axis rotation and axis tilt

Bowling is a sport that requires skill, precision, and an understanding of themechanics behind ball motion. Two critical factors that greatly influence thepath a bowling ball takes down the lane are axis rotation and axis tilt. Thesetwo concepts are frequently misinterpreted and misunderstood by many bowlers. Although it may be a challenging subject, this article aims to provide afundamental understanding of what Axis Rotation and Axis Tilt are, how theyare measured, and the significant impact they have on a bowling ball'strajectory. Axis Rotation Axis Rotation refers to the spin applied to a bowling ball during itsdelivery. It determines the orientation of the ball's rotation axis as it rolls down thelane. This rotation can be clockwise or counterclockwise and is usuallydescribed by a numerical value ranging from 0 to 90 degrees. Measuring Axis Rotation Axis Rotation is typically measured by observing the angle at which the ball'score is positioned relative to the horizontal axis. It can be determined by visual inspection of the ball's track marks or byusing advanced tracking systems that analyze ball motion. Axis Tilt Axis Tilt refers to the angle at which a bowling ball is tilted on itsvertical axis while traveling down the lane. It is determined by the inclination of the finger and thumb holes relative tothe ball's vertical axis. Axis Tilt can range from 0 to 90 degrees andinfluences the ball's skid, hook potential, and overall motion. Measuring Axis Tilt Axis Tilt can be measured by examining the angle formed between the ball'strack and the horizontal axis. Similarly to Axis Rotation, this can be done visually or with the help oftracking systems that capture ball motion data. Effects of Axis Rotation and Axis Tilt on Ball Motion Hook Potential. Axis Rotation plays a significant role in the amountof hook or curve a bowling ball generates. A higher degree of rotation willcreate a more aggressive hook pattern, making the ball curve earlier andcover more boards on the lane. Conversely, a lower rotation will result in amore subtle hook.Length of Slide. Axis Tilt affects the length of the ball's slidebefore it begins to hook. A higher tilt angle reduces the ball's contactwith the lane surface, allowing it to skid for a longer distance.Conversely, a lower tilt angle increases friction, causing the ball to starthooking earlier.Ball Path Variation. Combining Axis Rotation and Axis Tilt allowsbowlers to manipulate the ball's path down the lane. Skillful manipulationof these factors can help bowlers adapt to changing lane conditions andincrease their chances of hitting the pocket consistently.Pin Carry. Optimal Axis Rotation and Axis Tilt can improve pin carry,which refers to the ability of the ball to knock down pins effectively. Byadjusting the ball's rotation and tilt, bowlers can optimize pin entryangles and maximize pin carry potential. Hook Potential. Axis Rotation plays a significant role in the amountof hook or curve a bowling ball generates. A higher degree of rotation willcreate a more aggressive hook pattern, making the ball curve earlier andcover more boards on the lane. Conversely, a lower rotation will result in amore subtle hook. Hook Potential. Length of Slide. Axis Tilt affects the length of the ball's slidebefore it begins to hook. A higher tilt angle reduces the ball's contactwith the lane surface, allowing it to skid for a longer distance.Conversely, a lower tilt angle increases friction, causing the ball to starthooking earlier. Length of Slide. Ball Path Variation. Combining Axis Rotation and Axis Tilt allowsbowlers to manipulate the ball's path down the lane. Skillful manipulationof these factors can help bowlers adapt to changing lane conditions andincrease their chances of hitting the pocket consistently. Ball Path Variation. Pin Carry. Optimal Axis Rotation and Axis Tilt can improve pin carry,which refers to the ability of the ball to knock down pins effectively. Byadjusting the ball's rotation and tilt, bowlers can optimize pin entryangles and maximize pin carry potential. Pin Carry Axis Rotation and Axis Tilt are essential aspects of understanding ball motionin bowling. They influence the hook potential, length of slide, ball pathvariation, and pin carry. By mastering these concepts and making the necessaryadjustments, bowlers can enhance their overall performance and adapt todifferent lane conditions. Understanding the interplay between Axis Rotation,Axis Tilt, and lane dynamics can truly elevate a bowler's game to new levelsof precision and consistency.

Tips & Tricks

Bowling Knee Pain visual showing a person clutching their knee in pain with a red-highlighted joint illustration, paired with bold red and white text reading: 'Bowling Knee Pain – Causes | Fixes | Prevention' on a dark background

How To Prevent Bowling Knee Pain For Bowlers

Knee injuries are the most common type of injury in bowling. That’s whymany bowlers - no matter their age - wear a knee brace orkinesiology tapeto reduce pain and protect their joints. kinesiology tape But where does bowling knee pain come from? Why is it so common? And whydo so many bowlers eventually need surgery? In this article, we’ll break down what causes bowling knee pain, how bowlingaffects the knees, the most common injuries to watch for, and most importantly - how to prevent knee pain so you can keep bowling without pain.Please note that some links in this article may be affiliate links. Please note that some links in this article may be affiliate links. Why Does Bowling Knee Pain Occur? Bowling knee pain happens because of the stress bowling puts on yourbody. Each shot includes a fast approach, a strong slide, and a sudden stop -all while holding a 7-kilogram ball on a bent front knee. This movement puts heavy pressure on your knee joint. And that’s in a perfect shot. Add poor form, timing issues, or fatigue, andthe strain gets worse. Plus, bowling is a repetitive sport. That means thestress builds over time, often leading to pain. Key Causes of Bowling-Related Knee Pain There are many possible reasons for bowling knee pain, including past injuriesor extra body weight. But some causes are much more common than others. Bad slide The sliding knee takes a lot of force at the foul line. A poor slide can makethat force even worse. Too much slide may cause posterior knee pain, sincebowlers may lunge and lean back during release. Too little slide is evenriskier. Sudden stops with high impact can lead to serious injuries, such asan ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) tear. Overuse Training and competition are important, but too much can cause trouble. Whenknee muscles, tendons, and ligaments get overused, inflammation builds up.This leads to swelling, pain, and missed weeks of bowling. Speed A fast approach can hurt your knee. If your body has to stop suddenly at theline, the knee absorbs too much force. Bowling knee pain often resultswhen speed and a poor slide combine. Slow down, and aim for control, notpower. Bad release position Poor balance or aggressive moves like twisting, turning, or rotating your legcan add stress. Over time, this pressure builds and causes pain in the knee. Common Bowling Knee Injuries Pain is basically a signal from your body that something is not right. Youmust pay great attention here, as bowling knee pain can be caused by somethingfar more serious. Here are the most common injuries and diseases that causebowling knee pain. Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (a.k.a. Runner's Knee) This is a broad term for several knee issues caused by repeated activity. Itcreates a dull, stinging pain on the inner side of the knee. The pain getsworse when walking, climbing stairs, running, or standing up and sitting down. Runner’s knee is often caused by overuse and frequent bending. Over time, thejoint wears down, muscles overstretch, and the knee becomes weak. Pain oftengoes away with rest, but usually comes back when you resume activity. Patellar Tendinitis This condition occurs due to constant overloading of the patellar ligament,causing micro-tears of the ligament and inflammation. After the onset ofpatellar ligament tendinitis, local pain and swelling at the top of thepatella occur. Local swelling and a burning sensation may come about,especially when kneeling and standing up from a squat position. Meniscal Tear It is a plate of fibrocartilage in the knee joint between the tibia and femurbones. It absorbs shock, helps transfer load, and increases overall stabilityin the knee joint. Meniscal tears can be degenerative or acute, butdegenerative ones are more common in bowling. These usually result fromoveractivity, weak or tight muscles, and poor pre-bowling exercise routines.There’s no quick fix for degenerative tears due to low blood flow in the area.That makes healing slow and gradual, often taking up to six months withoutbowling. Knee Ligament Tear This is another major injury that can happen while bowling. Despite the factthat there are four main ligaments in the knee. ACL (Anterior cruciate ligament) and PCL (Posterior cruciate ligament) - are injured for the mostpart. ACL is located in the front of the knee and is responsible for resistingabnormal forward movement of the tibia. Due to the biomechanics of bowlingsport and sudden stops at the foul line, ACL receives the lion’s share of allligament injuries. PCL is located in the back of the knee, and does theopposite, preventing the tibia from sliding backwards. PCL tear can happenwhen the bowler's slide is too long, making the athlete lean back to keep hisweight centered. Anterior cruciate ligament Posterior cruciate ligament How to Prevent Bowling Knee Pain and Injuries As you've seen, bowling knee pain is often caused by a mix of stress,form issues, and overuse — not just one injury. That’s why prevention matters.Small changes in gear, habits, and technique can keep your knees healthy andpain-free. Here are our top tips for avoiding bowling knee pain. Get your bowling shoes with a good fit Many bowlers invest in new bowling balls before they upgrade their shoes - butthat’s backward. Bowling shoes help with balance, control, and injuryprevention. Look for shoes with interchangeable soles and heels so you canmatch your slide to your game.We've picked some of the best bowling shoes on the market to elevateyour game. We've picked some of the best bowling shoes on the market to elevateyour game Get rid of a bowling sock Bowling socks can make you slide more than you should. They mimic aggressiveslide pads but don’t offer control. Every bowler needs a custom slide, matchedto their form and speed. A proper sole and heel combo does the job better -and safer - than a sock. Maintain your bowling shoes While not in use, shoes must be covered withshoe covers. This rule also applies when walking off the lane, during warm-up, etc. Justdon't forget to take it off before the throw. During the game, the slide padcovers with dust or lane oil residues, so after each throw, it is worthrefreshing it with abowling shoe brush- this way, the slide pad will last much longer.We've made some other high value tips to maintain your shoes in anotherarticle. shoe covers bowling shoe brush We've made some other high value tips to maintain your shoes in anotherarticle. Warm-up and stretch before and after bowling Warm-ups raise your body temperature and get muscles ready to move. Stretchingimproves flexibility and protects your knees from injury. Always warm upfirst, then stretch. This reduces tendon strain and helps prevent bowling kneepain. Maintain your body weight Extra body weight adds more pressure to your knees. Many bowlers are nowrealizing the role of good nutrition and fitness. A healthy weight reducesinjury risk and helps you bowl pain-free for years to come.We've made some helpful nutrition tips for you too. We've made some helpful nutrition tips for you too. Use knee brace or sleeve If you're playing long sessions, extra support can help. A quality knee braceor compression sleeve can reduce swelling, ease pain, and even prevent injury.Modvel Elite Knee Brace provides optimal support and is used byprofessionals during and after exercise.Plus, it comes woth different colors and sizes to fit all. Modvel Elite Knee Brace provides optimal support and is used byprofessionals during and after exercise. FAQ Why do bowlers often experience knee pain? Bowlers often experience bowling knee pain because the sport puts a lotof stress on the knees. Fast footwork, a heavy ball, and sudden stops createhigh pressure on the joints. This pressure gets worse with poor form, fatigue,or overuse. What are common knee injuries in bowling and their impact? The most common injuries linked to bowling knee pain include Runner’sKnee, Patellar Tendinitis, Meniscal Tears, and Ligament Tears. These injuriesoften come from overuse, poor slide mechanics, or lack of stretching. They cancause pain, swelling, and even require long breaks from the sport — or surgeryin severe cases. How do you fix bowling knee pain or injuries? To manage bowling knee pain, rest and ice are great for short-term relief. Inthe long run, it helps to stretch, strengthen key muscles, and improve yourform. Prevention is key — wear proper shoes, avoid using slide socks, warm upproperly, and keep a healthy body weight. What causes inner knee pain in bowlers? If the pain is on the inside of your knee and gets worse when walking,running, or climbing stairs, you may have Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome(Runner’s Knee). It’s a common cause of bowling knee pain, especially if youbowl often or bend your knees a lot. This type of pain often fades with restbut can return once activity resumes. What is the best treatment for knee pain? The best treatment depends on the cause of the pain. Many bowlers managebowling knee pain with a mix of rest, physical therapy, supportive gear,and weight control. More serious injuries may require medical treatment orsurgery. Always consult a healthcare professional for guidance based on yourcondition.

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Understanding ball motion | Basics of axis rotation and axis tilt

How To Prevent Bowling Knee Pain For Bowlers